Optical pickup using split beams impinging on different photodetector areas

ABSTRACT

An optical pickup apparatus having a photo-detection unit having a plurality of detectors, a unit for converting a light beam emitted from a recording medium on which information is magnetically recorded and intensity-modulated, and splitting the light beam into two beams guide them respectively onto different areas of the photo-detection unit, and a device for processing outputs from each area of the photo-detection unit to provide an information signal.

This application is a continuation of application Ser. No. 08/077,405filed Jun. 16, 1993, which is now abandoned, which is a continuation ofapplication Ser. No. 07/658,428 filed Feb. 20, 1991, now abandoned,which is a continuation of application Ser. No. 07/349,963 filed May 8,1989, now abandoned, which is a continuation of application Ser. No.06/832,651 filed Feb. 25, 1986, which is now abandoned.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

1. Field of the Invention

The present invention relates to an optical pickup for irradiating alight beam on an information recording area of an information carrier todetect or record information, and more particularly to a compact, lowcost optical pickup capable of reproducing a signal at a high S/N ratio.

2. Related Background Art

Research and development for a writable optical disk recording mediumand an optical disk recording and reproducing apparatus have beenvigorously prosecuted.

Examples of such apparatus are shown in U.S. Pat. No. 4,451,863 and IBMTechnical Disclosure Bulletin Vol. 19, No. 4, issued September 1976.

However, such a prior art optical pickup has many parts and isdisadvantageous as regards reduction in size and cost. Further, aplurality of photo-detectors must be accurately positioned andadjustment thereof is troublesome.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

It is an object of the present invention to provide an optical pickupwhich is compact and easy to adjust optically. An optical pickupapparatus according to the present invention includes photodetectionmeans having a plurality of detection areas. Means are provided forconverting, into an electrical signal, a light beam emitted from arecording medium on which information is magnetically recorded andmodulated in intensity. These means also split the light beam into twobeams and guide them respectively to different areas of thephotodetection means. Means are also provided for processing outputsfrom each of the areas of the photodetection means to provide aninformation signal.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

FIG. 1A shows a first embodiment of an optical pickup of the presentinvention,

FIGS. 1B and 1C show enlarged views of photo-detectors used in thepickup of FIG. 1A,

FIG. 2 shows signal amplitude components of a light beam,

FIG. 3 shows a modification of the first embodiment of the presentinvention,

FIG. 4, consisting of FIGS. 4A, 4B and 4C, shows focus error signals,

FIGS. 5, 6, 7 and 8 show other modifications of the first embodiment ofthe present invention,

FIG. 9 shows a second embodiment of the optical pickup of the presentinvention,

FIG. 10 illustrates a principle of detection of an AF signal by thepresent invention,

FIG. 11, consisting of FIGS. 11A, 11B and 11C, illustrates a principleof detection of an AT signal by the present invention,

FIG. 12, consisting of FIGS. 12A and 12B, illustrates a principle ofdetection of an information signal by the present invention,

FIGS. 13, 14, 15 and 16 show a modification of the second embodiment ofthe optical pickup shown in FIG. 9,

FIG. 17 shows a third embodiment of the optical pickup of the presentinvention,

FIG. 18 illustrates a principle of detection of the information signalby the present invention,

FIGS. 19 and 20 show modifications of the optical pickup of FIG. 17,

FIGS. 21 (consisting of FIGS. 21A and 21B) and 22 (consisting of FIGS.22A, 22B and 22C) illustrate principles of differential detection,

FIG. 23 is a perspective view of prism 22'.

DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS

FIG. 1A shows a first embodiment of an optical pickup according to thepresent invention. A light beam emitted from an LD 20 is collimated by acollimating lens 21, passes through a beam splitter 22 and is focused byan object lens 23 to a fine spot on a recording medium 24. A reflectedlight beam from the recording medium 24 again passes through an objectlens 23, is reflected by the beam splitter 22, passes through ahalf-wave plate 25 with the direction of its plane of polarization beingrotated by 45 degrees, and is directed to a Wollaston prism 26. As aresult, the light beam is split into a linearly polarized light beamwhich vibrates in the plane of the drawing and a linearly polarizedlight beam which vibrates in a plane normal to that of the drawing; andboth of the split beams are condensed by a sensor lens 27.

FIGS. 1B and 1C show examples of split portions or areas of aphoto-sensor of a photo-detector 28. When the object lens 23 and therecording medium 24 are in an in-focus position, the light beam spreadsto the hatched areas shown in FIGS. 1B and 1C. Signal outputs I_(A),I_(B), I_(C), I_(D), I_(E), and I_(F), from the photo-sensors A-F,respectively, and a focus error signal I_(AF1), have the followingrelationship.

    I.sub.AF1 =(I.sub.A +I.sub.B +I.sub.E +I.sub.F)-(I.sub.C +I.sub.D)

In FIG. 1B, if the recording medium 24 moves away from the object lens23, the light spot becomes smaller, as shown by a broken line in FIG.1B. As a result, the outputs I_(C) and I_(D) increase and the focuserror signal I_(AF1) becomes negative. When the recording medium 24moves nearer to the lens 23, the light spot on the photo-sensor 29becomes larger and the focus error signal I_(AF1) becomes positive.

When the concentric photo-sensors 29 shown in FIG. 1C are employed, adifference between the outer photo-sensor and the inner photo-sensor isused so that the focus error signal is detected in a similar manner.

On the other hand, a tracking error signal may be detected in thepresent invention by a known push-pull method, like that shown in U.S.Pat. No. 3,931,459. The tracking error signal may be detected bycalculating

    I.sub.AF1 =(I.sub.A +I.sub.C +I.sub.E)-(I.sub.B +I.sub.D +I.sub.F)

A principle of differential detection of the opto-magnetic informationsignal by the optical pickup of the present invention is now explained.

In FIG. 1A, the reflected light from the recording medium 24 is directedto the half-wavelength plate 25 with the polarization plane thereofbeing rotated through an angle θK or -θK by the magnetic pattern of therecording medium 24 (direction of magnetization is either upward ordownward) by the magneto-optical effect. The half-wavelength plate 25has a crystal axis arranged at 22.5° with respect to a crystal axis ofthe Wollaston prism 26. Since the Wollaston prism 26 splits thereflected light beam into two linearly polarized light beams havingvibration planes orthogonal to each other, those light beams aredetected by the photo-sensor 28 as signals of opposite phases, as shownin FIG. 2.

In FIG. 2, the X axis represents a crystal axis of a first component ofthe prism of the Wollaston prism 26 and the Y axis represents acomponent normal thereto. The light beam rotated by θK or -θK from thepolarization plane of the reflected light beam by the magneto-opticaleffect (a broken line in FIG. 2 shows the polarization plane) has itspolarization plane rotated by 45° by the half-wavelength plate 25. Sinceit is thereafter divided in two by the Wollaston prism 26, the resultinglight beams have an equal variation amplitude (S1 and S1') and oppositephases. By detecting those two light beams by means of the photo-sensors29, the opto-magnetic signal of the recording medium 24 can be produced.In the photo-detector 28 of FIG. 1B, the opto-magnetic informationsignal I_(S) is given by

    I.sub.S =(I.sub.A +I.sub.B +I.sub.C +I.sub.D +I.sub.E +I.sub.F)-(I.sub.G +I.sub.H +I.sub.I +I.sub.J +I.sub.K +I.sub.L)

and in the photo-detector 28 of FIG. 1C, it is given by

    I.sub.S =(I.sub.A +I.sub.B +I.sub.C +I.sub.D)-(I.sub.E +I.sub.F +I.sub.G +I.sub.H)

In accordance with the present embodiment, the size and weight of theapparatus are reduced and the reliability is improved. Since a set ofphoto-sensors 29 which differentially detect the light beams arearranged on one substrate, the photo-detector 28 is insensitive toexternal changes such as a change of environmental temperature.

By arranging a set of amplifiers on the same substrate as thephoto-detectors, the frequency characteristics and temperaturecharacteristics of those circuits are well matched and signal quality isfurther improved. By incorporating the differential amplifier fordifferentially detecting the signals in the photo-detector,noise-resistant detection is attained.

In the present embodiment, the half-wave plate 25 is arranged tofacilitate the arrangement and fine adjustment of the optical system.The same effect can be attained when the crystal axis of the prism isoriented to 45° and the photo-detector is arranged with respect thereto.

A modification of the first embodiment of the present invention is shownin FIG. 3. The light beam reflected by the beam splitter 22 andtransmitted through the half-wave plate 25 (optical elements in front ofthe beam splitter 22 are omitted in FIG. 3) is condensed by a condenserlens 27, and the condensed beam is directed to a polarization/separationelement 30 comprising two prisms 30a and 30b having crystal axesorthogonal to each other (which form a Wollaston prism) and apolarization plate 30c having the same crystal axis as that of the prism30b. The light beam transmitted through the polarization/separationelement 30 propagates in different directions for an ordinary ray and anextraordinary ray, and an equivalent optical thickness changes with adifference between refractive indices No and Ne for the ordinary ray andthe extraordinary ray. Accordingly, focusing positions for the ordinaryray and extraordinary ray are different. Thus, the photo-sensor 29 ofthe photo-detector 28 is arranged at an unfocused position for the lightbeam of one polarization direction and in the diverging light beam afterfocusing for the other light beam.

FIG. 4A shows a focus error signal produced in FIG. 3. FIGS. 4B and 4Cshow focus error signals produced by a single concentric circularphoto-detector. They have undesirable side peaks to an ideal S-curve. Inthe embodiment of FIG. 3 which uses the combination of converging anddiverging photo-detectors, the undesired peak is eliminated as shown inFIG. 4A and a desirable S-shaped focus error signal is produced. In FIG.3, an interval between the two light spots on the photo-detector 28 canbe finely adjusted by moving the Wollaston prism (30a and 30b) back andforth.

Another modification of the first embodiment of the present invention isshown in FIG. 5. The light beam from the beam splitter (not shown inFIG. 5) is separated into an ordinary ray and an extraordinary ray by aprism 31 formed of crystal and is focused onto the photo-detector 28 bythe focusing lens 27. The photo-detector 28 may be arranged obliquely tothe light beam by an appropriate angle.

Not only the prism but also the focusing lens 27 may be manufactured ofcrystal. FIG. 6 shows an example thereof. An optical element 32 has aprism on one side and a lens on the other side. As a result, convergingand diverging light beams separated in accordance with the polarizationstatus of the incident light are directed to the photo-detector 28.

FIG. 7 shows a modification in which the focusing lens 27 is substitutedby a teletype telescopic lens 33. With this arrangement, the light beamsnecessary for the differential direction are finely separated.

The above embodiment and modifications may be implemented by an opticalmedium which forms a beam splitter 22' as shown in FIG. 8.

in FIG. 8, the light beam from the laser 20 is collimated by thecollimating lens 21 and reflected by a reflection plane of the beamsplitter 22'. The incident light beam is a perfectly linearly polarizedbeam, and there is no difference in the effect whether the opticalmedium of the beam splitter 22' is isotropic, such as glass, orbi-refractive, such as quartz. The light beam reflected by theopto-magnetic medium 24 again passes through the beam splitter 22'. Ifthe second prism is made of a uniaxial crystal having a crystal axisappropriately oriented, the light beam is separated into two linearlypolarized beams, which are directed to the sensor 28 through a sensorlens 27' and are differentially detected thereby. The crystal axis mayform an angle of 45° to the vertical direction in the drawing and isrotated approximately 45° with respect to the plane of the drawing (thevirtual plane).

As seen from FIG. 23, the vertical plane which includes an optical axisof a light beam emitted from a light source and an optical axis of alight beam reflected by the opto-magnetic medium, is indicated byreference character F. Since the crystal axis of the prism is rotated by45° with respect to the virtual plane F, the crystal axis is parallelwith a plane (not shown) perpendicular to a plane F' or the plane of thedrawing in FIG. 23. The crystal axis may form an angle of 45° to thevertical direction of the drawing in FIG. 8, namely, in the direction ofthe optical axis zero shown in FIG. 23. Accordingly, the crystal axis ofthe prism is directed to the direction D₁ or the direction D₂ shown bythe arrow in FIG. 23.

While the Wollaston prism or the single prism was shown as means forseparating the light beam by the difference between polarization statusof the incident light beam, the embodiment of the separation means isnot limited thereto but may be a Rochon prism or a Senarmont prism, etc.The crystal parallel plates or convex lens is shown as means forcreating a converging or a diverging light beam depending on thedifference in polarization status, although that means may instead be acombination of convex and concave telescopic lenses or other means.

FIG. 9 shows a second embodiment of the optical pickup of the presentinvention. The light beam emitted from the LD 20 is collimated by acollimating lens 21, reflected by a first beam splitter 117 and focusedby the object lens 23 to a fine spot on the recording medium 24. Thereflection light from the recording medium 24 again passes through theobject lens 23 and the first beam splitter 117, is directed to a secondbeam splitter 120 and is split thereby into two light beams. The firstsplit beam 121, reflected by the second beam splitter 120, passesthrough a polarization element 122 such as a polarization plate and isfocused by the focusing lens 27 onto the photo-sensor 28. The sameeffect may be attained when the polarization element 122 is arrangedbetween the focusing lens 27 and the photo-sensor 28. On the other hand,the second split beam 126, after passing through the second beamsplitter 120, is reflected by a reflection area 127 at the bottom of thebeam splitter 120, passes through the half-wavelength plate 123 and thepolarization element 122, and is focused by the focusing lens 27 ontothe photo-sensor 28.

The photo-sensor 28 is arranged at a position spaced from a focal planeon which the split light beams 121 and 126 are focused by the focusinglens 27. The photo-sensor 28 has 12 photo-sensing areas as shown in FIG.1B.

A principle for detection of the AF and AT signal and the differentialdetection of the information signal in the apparatus of FIG. 9 is nowexplained.

FIG. 10 shows the principle of detection of the AF signal. Only those ofthe elements shown in FIG. 9 which are necessary for the AF detectionare shown in FIG. 10. When the recording medium 24 is located on thefocal plane of the object lens 23, the light beam is directed as shownby solid lines and focused to a focal point F of the focusing lens 27.When the recording medium moves away from the focal plane of the objectlens 23, the light beam is focused at a forward side of the optical axisof the focusing lens 27 as shown by broken lines. When the recordingmedium moves closer from the focal plane of the object lens 23, thelight beam is focused beyond the optical axis of the focusing lens 27.Accordingly, when the optical sensor 28 is arranged off the point F, thedistribution of the intensity of the split light beams on The opticalsensor 28 appears reduced or enlarged on the sensor depending on theposition of the recording medium.

When the photo-sensor 28 has twelve photo-sensing areas, the operationis as follows. The light beam of the photo-sensor in the in-focus stateof the object lens 23 and the recording medium 24 is shown by thehatched area.

The AF error signal I_(AF), is given by

    I.sub.AF =(I.sub.A +I.sub.B +I.sub.E +I.sub.F +I.sub.G +I.sub.H +I.sub.K +I.sub.L)-(I.sub.C +I.sub.D +I.sub.I +I.sub.J)

where I_(A), I_(B), I_(C), I_(D), I_(E), I_(F), I_(G), I_(H), I_(I),I_(J), I_(K) and I_(L) are outputs from the photo-sensing areas.

For the photo-sensor having concentric photo-sensing areas as shown inFIG. 1C, the AF error signal I_(AF) is given by

    I.sub.AF =(I.sub.A +I.sub.B +I.sub.E +I.sub.F)-(I.sub.C +I.sub.D +I.sub.G +I.sub.H)

where I_(A), I_(B), I_(C), I_(D), I_(E), I_(F), I_(G) and I_(H), areoutputs from the photo-sensing areas.

The AF error signal may be obtained by the operation for only one sideof light beams. In the example of FIG. 1B,

    I.sub.AF =(I.sub.A +I.sub.B +I.sub.E +I.sub.F)-(I.sub.C +I.sub.D)

The principle of detection of the AT signal is now explained.

A groove having a depth of approximately 1/8 of the wavelength is formedin a vicinity of the surface of the recording medium 24 and the signalis recorded or reproduced while the groove is used as a guide. A farfield pattern formed by the light beam which is reflected by the grooveand again passes through the object lens 23 changes with a positionalrelationship between the light spot and the groove. This is illustratedin FIGS. 11A, 11B, and 11C. The upper part of FIGS. 11A, 11B, and 11Cshows the positional relationship between the groove and the light spot,and the lower part shows an intensity distribution of the far fieldpattern.

For the split sensor shown in FIG. 1B, if the direction T-T' is alignedto the direction of the groove (the direction of the signal track), theAT error signal I_(AT) is given by

    I.sub.AT =(I.sub.A +I.sub.C +I.sub.E +I.sub.G +I.sub.I +I.sub.K)-(I.sub.B +I.sub.D +I.sub.F +I.sub.H +I.sub.J +I.sub.L)

For the split sensor shown in FIG. 1C,

    I.sub.AT =(I.sub.A +I.sub.C +I.sub.E +I.sub.G)-(I.sub.B +I.sub.D +I.sub.F +I.sub.H)

The AT error signal may also be obtained by the operation of the outputof the photo-sensing areas which sense only one of the beams.

The differential detection of the information signal by theopto-magnetic method is now explained.

In FIGS. 12A and 12B, the X axis represents the direction of the planeof polarization of the light beam directed to the recording medium 24,and the Y axis represents a direction orthogonal thereto.

The light beam reflected from the recording medium 24 has thepolarization plane thereof inclined by a small angle θ_(K) by themagneto-optical effect as shown in FIG. 12A. This inclination isclockwise or counterclockwise (θ_(K) or -θ_(K)) relative to a verticaldirection of magnetic domain, and the angle is approximately 1°.

The light beam 121 reflected by the beam splitter 120 of FIG. 9 passesthrough the polarization element. If the transmission axis of thepolarization element 122 is inclined approximately 45° with respect tothe X axis, the following signal component in the intensity is producedin FIG. 12 depending on the inclination of the polarization plane:

    S.sub.1 {cos (45°-θK)}-{cos (45°-θK)}

The second split beam 126 passes through the half-wave plate 123 beforeit passes through the polarization element 122. Accordingly, thepolarization direction of the light beam 126 makes an angle of 90° withthe light beam 121 as shown in FIG. 12B.

Accordingly, after it passed through the polarization element 122, thesignal component in the intensity is

    S.sub.1 {cos (45°-θK)}-{cos (45°-θK)}

The signal S₁ and S₁ show only the P--P components for the sake ofconvenience. As seen from FIGS. 12A and 12B, the light beam 121 has amaximum signal amplitude and the light beam 126 has a minimum signalamplitude for the rotation of angle of θK.

When the rotation of the polarization plane is detected by theopto-magnetic signal by the arrangement shown in FIG. 9, the intensitymodulation derived from the light beams 121 and 126 is reversed inphase. Accordingly, for FIG. 1B, the information signal I_(S) is givenby

    I.sub.S =(I.sub.A +I.sub.B +I.sub.C +I.sub.D +I.sub.E +I.sub.F)-(I.sub.G +I.sub.H +I.sub.I +I.sub.J +I.sub.K +I.sub.L)

and, for FIG. 1C,

    I.sub.S =(I.sub.A +I.sub.B +I.sub.C +I.sub.D)-(I.sub.E +I.sub.F +I.sub.G +I.sub.H)

and the information signal is differentially detected.

To compare the arrangement of the present invention shown in FIG. 9 withthe arrangement of the prior art, the arrangement is advantageous toreduce size and cost.

By integrating the optical elements shown in FIG. 9, the opticaladjustment during assembly is facilitated, and misalignment of axesduring use is prevented and a highly reliable optical pickup isprovided. For example, in FIG. 13, the beam splitters 117 and 120,half-wave plate 123 and polarization element 122 are integrated bybonding material. In FIG. 14, the half-wave plate is arrangedimmediately behind the reflection plane of the beam splitter 120. Inthis case, parallelogram blocks 31 and 32 of the same size may be usedand the preparation of the elements is simplified.

As shown in FIG. 15, a dielectric film or metal film 23' may be formedon the reflection plane 127 for the second light beam 126 to rotate thepolarization plane instead of using the half-wave plate 123. In FIG. 16,a desired rotation angle is attained by a number of times of reflectionwhen it is difficult to rotate the polarization plane by 90° by onereflection.

In order to detect the AF and AT error signals and the informationsignal, it is necessary to process the signals generated by thephoto-sensing areas. When the differential amplifier for such processingis incorporated in the photo-sensor together with the photo-sensingareas, signal detection which is resistant to external noise isattained.

FIG. 17 shows a third embodiment of the optical pickup of the presentinvention. The light beam emitted from the LD 26 is collimated by thecollimater lens 21, reflected by the first beam splitter 117 and focusedby the object lens 23 to a fine spot on the recording medium 24. Thereflection beam from the recording medium 24 again passes through theobject lens 23, passes through the first beam splitter 117 and thehalf-wave plate 123 with the direction of polarization plane beingrotated by 45°, and is directed to the second beam splitter 120 by whichthe beam is split into two beams. One split beam 121 reflected by theother beam splitter 120 is focused by the focusing lens 27 to thephoto-sensor 28. On the other hand, the second split beam 126 isreflected by the reflection area 127 at the bottom of the beam splitter120 and condensed by the condenser lens to the photo-sensor 28.

The photo-sensor 28 is arranged at a position spaced from a focal planeon which the split beams 121 and 126 are focused by the focusing lens27. The photo-sensor 28 has twelve photo-sensing areas on thephoto-sensing plane as shown in FIG. 1B.

The principle of the detection of the AF and AT error signals and thedifferential detection of the information signal in the arrangement ofFIG. 17 applies equally to the second embodiment.

The differential detection of the information signal by theopto-magnetic method is now explained.

In FIG. 17, the reflection light from the recording medium 24 has thepolarization plane thereof rotated by θK or -θK by the magnetic pattern(upward or downward orientation of magnetic domain) by themagneto-optical effect, and it is directed to the half-wave plate 123.The half-wave plate 123 has its crystal axis inclined to the incidentplane of the beam splitter 120 by 22.5°. When the transmission andreflection characteristics of the beam splitter 120 are assumed as thepolarization beam splitter characteristic (P component: 100%transmission, S component: 100% reflection), the transmitted andreflected light beams are detected by the photo-sensor as the signalshaving opposite phases, as shown in FIG. 18.

In FIG. 18, the X axis represents the reflection component of thepolarization beam splitter, and the Y axis represents the transmissioncomponent. The light beam rotated by θK or -θK from the polarizationplane of the incident light to the recording medium (the broken lines inFIG. 18 show the polarization plane) has its polarization plane rotatedby 45° by the half-wave plate. Thereafter, it is reflected, transmittedand split by the polarization beam splitter 120. Thus, the two beamshave the same variation amplitude (S₂, S₂) and opposite phases. Bydetecting those two light beams using the photo-sensor 28, theinformation recorded on the recording medium can be read. In thephoto-sensor of FIG. 1B, the opto-magnetic information signal I_(S) isgiven by

    I.sub.S =(I.sub.A +I.sub.B +I.sub.C +I.sub.D +I.sub.E +I.sub.F)-(I.sub.G +I.sub.H +I.sub.I +I.sub.J +I.sub.K +I.sub.L)

For the photo-sensor of FIG. 1C,

    I.sub.S =(I.sub.A +I.sub.B +I.sub.C +I.sub.D)-(I.sub.E +I.sub.F +I.sub.F +I.sub.G)

By integrating the optical elements of FIG. 17, the optical adjustmentduring the assembly is facilitated, misalignment of axes during use isprevented, and a highly reliable optical pickup is provided. Forexample, in FIG. 19, the beam splitter 117, half-wave plate 123 and beamsplitter 120 are integrated by bonding material. In FIG. 20, thehalf-wave plate 123 is arranged immediately behind the reflection planeof the beam splitter 117. In this case, parallelogram blocks 130 and 131of the same size may be used and the preparation of the elements issimplified.

in order to detect the AF and AT error signals and the informationsignal, it is necessary to process the signals generated by thephoto-sensing areas. By incorporating the processing differentialamplifier in the photo-sensor together with the photo-sensing areas,signal detection which is resistive to external noise is attained.

In the present embodiment, the variation of the signals generated by thephoto-sensing areas of the sensor is detected to improve the precision.

The advantage of the differential detection is explained with referenceto a third embodiment. FIGS. 21A and 21B show signal amplitudesgenerated by the sensing areas of the sensor. The light beam reflectedby the recording medium 24 having a longitudinal axis along thepolarization direction of the incident light beam has its polarizationplane rotated by θK or -θK depending on the orientation (up or down) ofthe axis of the opto-magnetic pattern. Since the combination of thehalf-wave plate 123 and the polarization beam splitter 120 is equivalentto a system having a polarization plate whose transmission axis isinclined by 45°, difference S₁ and S'₁ of the projection component to avirtual transmission axis (broken line axis inclined by 45°) are signalamplitudes. Since θK and -θK vary with time depending on theopto-magnetic pattern, the signal intensity changes are represented bythe light beams shown in FIGS. 22A and 22B, which are shifted by 180° inphase from each other. The opto-magnetic signal generated by the sensingareas of the photo-sensor is reversed in phase but noise components(noise from the recording medium and swing noise of the LD light)usually ride on those signals and the noise components are of the samephase.

Accordingly, when the signals from the sensing areas of The sensor aredifferentially detected, the signal components are added and the noisecomponents are cancelled. If the optical system is precisely arranged,the signal components S₁ ² and S'₁ ² from the respective sensors areequal and the noise amplitudes are also equal. Accordingly, the signalis doubled and the noise is cancelled. Thus, the differential detectionprovides a high S/N signal.

As described herein above, in accordance with the present invention, thelight beam from the recording medium is split and the split light beamsare differentially detected by the single photo-detector having thesplit photo-sensing plane. Accordingly,

1. The optical pickup can be constructed in a compact size.

2. The S/N ratio of the signal detection is improved by the differentialdetection.

3. The number of components is reduced and the cost is reduced.

4. By integrating the components, a more reliable pickup is provided.

5. Because only one photo-sensor is used, no consideration of thevariation of the characteristics between the sensors is required, andthe position adjustment is simple.

6. By arranging the signal processing circuit on the same chip as thephoto-detector, signal detection which is resistive to external noise isattained.

We claim:
 1. An optical pickup apparatus comprising:light projectionmeans for projecting a light beam generated by a light source onto arecording medium; light separation means for separating a light beamreflected by the recording medium into first and second light beams;light converging means for respectively converging the first and secondlight beams; a first detector and a second detector, formed on a commonsubstrate, for detecting the first and second light beams, respectively,and for producing detection outputs, a light receiving portion of eachof said first and second detectors being divided into a plurality ofareas for respectively detecting an area of a spot of light produced bythe first and second light beams, wherein one of said first and secondlight receiving portions is located before a focusing position of one ofthe first and second light beams and the other light receiving portionis located after a focusing position of the other light beam; andprocessing means for obtaining a focusing error signal on the basis ofthe outputs of said first and second detectors.
 2. An apparatusaccording to claim 1, wherein the first and second light beams separatedby said light separation means are different with respect to each otherin their light polarization state.
 3. An apparatus according to claim 1,wherein said processing means obtains an information signal on the basisof outputs of said first and second light receiving portions.
 4. A lightpickup apparatus comprising:light projection means for projecting alight beam generated by a light source onto a recording medium; meansfor separating a light beam reflected by the recording medium into firstand second light beams, and for respectively converging the first andsecond light beams; a first detector and a second detector, formed on acommon substrate, for detecting the first and second light beams,respectively, a light receiving portion of each of said first and seconddetectors being divided into a plurality of areas for respectivelydetecting an area of a spot of light produced by the first and secondlight beams, wherein one of the first and second light beams is focusedbefore the light beam reaches one of the first and second lightreceiving portions and the other light beam reaches the other lightreceiving portion after being focused; and means for obtaining afocusing error signal on the basis of the outputs of said first andsecond detectors.
 5. An optical pickup apparatus comprising:a lightirradiation optical system for irradiating a recording medium with alight beam generated by a light source; light separation means forseparating a light beam reflected by the recording medium into first andsecond light beams; light converging means for respectively convergingthe first and second light beams; a first detector provided before afocusing position of the first light beam; a second detector providedafter a focusing position of the second light beam, said second detectorbeing formed on a substrate on which the first detector is formed; anddetecting means for detecting a focusing error signal of said lightirradiation optical system from outputs of said first and seconddetectors.
 6. An apparatus according to claim 5, wherein said first andsecond detectors respectively have light receiving portions each ofwhich is divided into a plurality of regions.
 7. An apparatus accordingto claim 5, wherein a polarization state of the first light beam isdifferent from that of the second light beam.
 8. An apparatus accordingto claim 5, wherein said detecting means further detects an informationsignal of the recording medium on the basis of the outputs of said firstand second detectors.
 9. An optical pickup apparatus comprising:a lightirradiation optical system for irradiating a recording medium with alight beam generated by a light source; a light converging opticalsystem for separating a light beam reflected by the recording mediuminto first and second light beams and for respectively converging thefirst and second light beams; a first detector provided before afocusing position of the first light beam; a second detector providedafter a focusing position of the second light beam, said second detectorbeing formed on a substrate on which the first detector is formed; anddetecting means for detecting a focusing error signal of said lightirradiation optical system from outputs of said first and seconddetectors.
 10. An apparatus according to claim 9, wherein said first andsecond detectors respectively have light receiving portions each ofwhich is divided into a plurality of regions.
 11. An apparatus accordingto claim 9, wherein a polarization state of the first light beam isdifferent from that of the second light beam.
 12. An apparatus accordingto claim 9, wherein said detecting means further detects an informationsignal of the recording medium on the basis of the outputs of said firstand second detectors.